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Go Structures

A struct (short for structure) is used to create a collection of members of different data types, into a single variable.

While arrays are used to store multiple values of the same data type into a single variable, structs are used to store multiple values of different data types into a single variable.

A struct can be useful for grouping data together to create records.

Declare a Struct

To declare a structure in Go, use the type and struct keywords:

Syntax

type struct_name struct {
  member1 datatype;
  member2 datatype;
  member3 datatype;
  ...
}

Example

Here we declare a struct type Person with the following members: name, age, job and salary:

type Person struct {
  name string
  age int
  job string
  salary int
}

Tip: Notice that the struct members above have different data types. name and job is of type string, while age and salary is of type int.

Access Struct Members

To access any member of a structure, use the dot operator (.) between the structure variable name and the structure member:

Example

package main
import ("fmt")

type Person struct {
  name string
  age int
  job string
  salary int
}

func main() {
  var pers1 Person
  var pers2 Person

  // Pers1 specification
  pers1.name = "Hege"
  pers1.age = 45
  pers1.job = "Teacher"
  pers1.salary = 6000

  // Pers2 specification
  pers2.name = "Cecilie"
  pers2.age = 24
  pers2.job = "Marketing"
  pers2.salary = 4500

  // Access and print Pers1 info
  fmt.Println("Name: ", pers1.name)
  fmt.Println("Age: ", pers1.age)
  fmt.Println("Job: ", pers1.job)
  fmt.Println("Salary: ", pers1.salary)

  // Access and print Pers2 info
  fmt.Println("Name: ", pers2.name)
  fmt.Println("Age: ", pers2.age)
  fmt.Println("Job: ", pers2.job)
  fmt.Println("Salary: ", pers2.salary)
}

Result:

Name: Hege
Age: 45
Job: Teacher
Salary: 6000
Name: Cecilie
Age: 24
Job: Marketing
Salary: 4500

Pass Struct as Function Arguments

You can also pass a structure as a function argument, like this:

Example

package main
import ("fmt")

type Person struct {
  name string
  age int
  job string
  salary int
}

func main() {
  var pers1 Person
  var pers2 Person

  // Pers1 specification
  pers1.name = "Hege"
  pers1.age = 45
  pers1.job = "Teacher"
  pers1.salary = 6000

  // Pers2 specification
  pers2.name = "Cecilie"
  pers2.age = 24
  pers2.job = "Marketing"
  pers2.salary = 4500

  // Print Pers1 info by calling a function
  printPerson(pers1)

  // Print Pers2 info by calling a function
  printPerson(pers2)
}

func printPerson(pers Person) {
  fmt.Println("Name: ", pers.name)
  fmt.Println("Age: ", pers.age)
  fmt.Println("Job: ", pers.job)
  fmt.Println("Salary: ", pers.salary)
}

Result:

Name: Hege
Age: 45
Job: Teacher
Salary: 6000
Name: Cecilie
Age: 24
Job: Marketing
Salary: 4500

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