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JavaScript Bitwise Operations

JavaScript Bitwise Operators

Operator

Name

Description

&

AND

Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1

|

OR

Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1

^

XOR

Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1

~

NOT

Inverts all the bits

<< 

Zero fill left shift

Shifts left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off

>> 

Signed right shift

Shifts right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off

>>> 

Zero fill right shift

Shifts right by pushing zeros in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off

Examples

Operation

Result

Same as

Result

5 & 1

1

0101 & 0001

 0001

5 | 1

5

0101 | 0001

 0101

~ 5

10

 ~0101

 1010

5 << 1

10

0101 << 1

 1010

5 ^ 1

4

0101 ^ 0001

 0100

5 >> 1

2

0101 >> 1

 0010

5 >>> 1

2

0101 >>> 1

 0010

JavaScript Uses 32 bits Bitwise Operands

JavaScript stores numbers as 64 bits floating point numbers, but all bitwise operations are performed on 32 bits binary numbers.

Before a bitwise operation is performed, JavaScript converts numbers to 32 bits signed integers.

After the bitwise operation is performed, the result is converted back to 64 bits JavaScript numbers.

The examples above uses 4 bits unsigned binary numbers. Because of this ~ 5 returns 10.

Since JavaScript uses 32 bits signed integers, it will not return 10. It will return -6.

00000000000000000000000000000101 (5)

11111111111111111111111111111010 (~5 = -6)

A signed integer uses the leftmost bit as the minus sign.

JavaScript Bitwise AND

When a bitwise AND is performed on a pair of bits, it returns 1 if both bits are 1.

One bit example:

Operation

Result

0 & 0

0

0 & 1

0

1 & 0

0

1 & 1

1

4 bits example:

Operation

Result

1111 & 0000

0000

1111 & 0001

0001

1111 & 0010

0010

1111 & 0100

0100

JavaScript Bitwise OR

When a bitwise OR is performed on a pair of bits, it returns 1 if one of the bits is 1:

One bit example:

Operation

Result

0 | 0

0

0 | 1

1 

1 | 0

1

1 | 1

1

4 bits example:

Operation

Result

1111 | 0000

1111

1111 | 0001

1111

1111 | 0010

1111

1111 | 0100

1111

JavaScript Bitwise XOR

When a bitwise XOR is performed on a pair of bits, it returns 1 if the bits are different:

One bit example:

Operation

Result

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