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This SQL keywords reference contains the reserved words in SQL.

SQL Keywords

Keyword Description
Adds a column in an existing table
Adds a constraint after a table is already created
Returns true if all of the subquery values meet the condition
Adds, deletes, or modifies columns in a table, or changes the data type of a column in a table
Changes the data type of a column in a table
Adds, deletes, or modifies columns in a table
Only includes rows where both conditions is true
Returns true if any of the subquery values meet the condition
Renames a column or table with an alias
Sorts the result set in ascending order
Creates a back up of an existing database
Selects values within a given range
Creates different outputs based on conditions
A constraint that limits the value that can be placed in a column
Changes the data type of a column or deletes a column in a table
Adds or deletes a constraint
Creates a database, index, view, table, or procedure
Creates a new SQL database
Creates an index on a table (allows duplicate values)
Updates a view
Creates a new table in the database
Creates a stored procedure
Creates a unique index on a table (no duplicate values)
Creates a view based on the result set of a SELECT statement
Creates or deletes an SQL database
A constraint that provides a default value for a column
Deletes rows from a table
Sorts the result set in descending order
Selects only distinct (different) values
Deletes a column, constraint, database, index, table, or view
Deletes a column in a table
Deletes a UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, or CHECK constraint
Deletes an existing SQL database
Deletes a DEFAULT constraint
Deletes an index in a table
Deletes an existing table in the database
Deletes a view
Executes a stored procedure
Tests for the existence of any record in a subquery
A constraint that is a key used to link two tables together
Specifies which table to select or delete data from
Returns all rows when there is a match in either left table or right table
Groups the result set (used with aggregate functions: COUNT, MAX, MIN, SUM, AVG)
Used instead of WHERE with aggregate functions
Allows you to specify multiple values in a WHERE clause
Creates or deletes an index in a table
Returns rows that have matching values in both tables
Inserts new rows in a table
Copies data from one table into another table
Tests for empty values
Tests for non-empty values
Joins tables
Returns all rows from the left table, and the matching rows from the right table
Searches for a specified pattern in a column
Specifies the number of records to return in the result set
Only includes rows where a condition is not true
A constraint that enforces a column to not accept NULL values
Includes rows where either condition is true
Sorts the result set in ascending or descending order
Returns all rows when there is a match in either left table or right table
A constraint that uniquely identifies each record in a database table
A stored procedure
Returns all rows from the right table, and the matching rows from the left table
Specifies the number of records to return in the result set
Selects data from a database
Selects only distinct (different) values
Copies data from one table into a new table
Specifies the number of records to return in the result set
Specifies which columns and values that should be updated in a table
Creates a table, or adds, deletes, or modifies columns in a table, or deletes a table or data inside a table
Specifies the number of records to return in the result set
Deletes the data inside a table, but not the table itself
Combines the result set of two or more SELECT statements (only distinct values)
Combines the result set of two or more SELECT statements (allows duplicate values)
A constraint that ensures that all values in a column are unique
Updates existing rows in a table
Specifies the values of an INSERT INTO statement
Creates, updates, or deletes a view
Filters a result set to include only records that fulfill a specified condition

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