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JavaScript HTML DOM Elements (Nodes)

Adding and Removing Nodes (HTML Elements)

Creating New HTML Elements (Nodes)

To add a new element to the HTML DOM, you must create the element (element node) first, and then append it to an existing element.

 Example

<div id="div1">
  <p id="p1">This is a paragraph.</p>
  <p id="p2">This is another paragraph.</p>
</div>

<script>
const para = document.createElement("p");
const node = document.createTextNode("This is new.");
para.appendChild(node);

const element = document.getElementById("div1");
element.appendChild(para);
</script>

Example Explained 

This code creates a new <p> element:

const para = document.createElement("p");

To add text to the <p> element, you must create a text node first. This code creates a text node:

const node = document.createTextNode("This is a new paragraph.");

Then you must append the text node to the <p> element:

para.appendChild(node);

Finally you must append the new element to an existing element.

This code finds an existing element:

const element = document.getElementById("div1");

This code appends the new element to the existing element:

element.appendChild(para);

Creating new HTML Elements - insertBefore()

The appendChild() method in the previous example, appended the new element as the last child of the parent.

If you don't want that you can use the insertBefore() method:

Example

<div id="div1">
  <p id="p1">This is a paragraph.</p>
  <p id="p2">This is another paragraph.</p>
</div>

<script>
const para = document.createElement("p");
const node = document.createTextNode("This is new.");
para.appendChild(node);

const element = document.getElementById("div1");
const child = document.getElementById("p1");
element.insertBefore(para, child);
</script>

Removing Existing HTML Elements

To remove an HTML element, use the remove() method:

Example

<div>
  <p id="p1">This is a paragraph.</p>
  <p id="p2">This is another paragraph.</p>
</div>

<script>
const elmnt = document.getElementById("p1"); elmnt.remove();
</script>

Example Explained 

The HTML document contains a <div> element with two child nodes (two <p> elements):

<div>
  <p id="p1">This is a paragraph.</p>
  <p id="p2">This is another paragraph.</p>
</div>

Find the element you want to remove:

const elmnt = document.getElementById("p1");

Then execute the remove() method on that element:

elmnt.remove();

The remove() method does not work in older browsers, see the example below on how to use removeChild() instead.

Removing a Child Node

For browsers that does not support the remove() method, you have to find the parent node to remove an element:

Example

<div id="div1">
  <p id="p1">This is a paragraph.</p>
  <p id="p2">This is another paragraph.</p>
</div>

<script>
const parent = document.getElementById("div1");
const child = document.getElementById("p1");
parent.removeChild(child);
</script>

Example Explained 

This HTML document contains a <div> element with two child nodes (two <p> elements):

<div id="div1">
  <p id="p1">This is a paragraph.</p>
  <p id="p2">This is another paragraph.</p>
</div>

Find the element with id="div1":

const parent = document.getElementById("div1");

Find the <p> element with id="p1":

const child = document.getElementById("p1");

Remove the child from the parent:

parent.removeChild(child);

Here is a common workaround: Find the child you want to remove, and use its parentNode property to find the parent:

const child = document.getElementById("p1");
child.parentNode.removeChild(child);

Replacing HTML Elements 

To replace an element to the HTML DOM, use the replaceChild() method:

Example

<div id="div1">
  <p id="p1">This is a paragraph.</p>
  <p id="p2">This is another paragraph.</p>
</div>

<script>
const para = document.createElement("p");
const node = document.createTextNode("This is new.");
para.appendChild(node);

const parent = document.getElementById("div1");
const child = document.getElementById("p1");
parent.replaceChild(para, child);
</script>

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